Dictionary entry

Base form

Base forms are graphically distinguished (in capitals) and arranged alphabetically. The base form is a nominative singular in the contemporary (modernised) form. Greek entries are transcribed, while Russian and Old Church Slavonic entries are in Cyrillic characters. An asterisk* marks reconstructed (hypothetical) forms.

All polysemes and homonyms recognised as separate entries (each word constitutes a separate headword) are distinguished by the meaning placed next to each entry word (in brackets).

Variants

The variants given under the headword include: other graphic or phonetic-graphic forms of the entry word, elliptical variants of the term, * forms of the entry words with different word order.

Language

Terms that can be classified as belonging to one or the other language in a given work (e.g., Latin form in the nominative singular and plural, Polish cases in other grammatical cases) have been assigned to two languages.

Origin

The origins of Polish terms are provided after dictionaries of foreign words and etymological dictionaries, e.g. from Latin. accentus 'intonation'.

Branch according to authors

In each entry, we note the branch of grammar to which that entry belonged according to the author of the work. Next to each entry is an expandable abbreviation indicating the specific grammar. Clicking on the it takes us to the grammar's website, where we can see a list of all the terms noted in that text..

Contemporary branch

Related terms

The following paragraphs contain the terms associated with the key word. Using these, we can navigate to each of the terms included.. A contemporary definition appears above the Polish terms, in balloons, when you hover over the term.

Superior terms

Superior terms are hyperonyms of the key word used by the author of the grammar.

Equivalent terms

Equivalents of a key word in a given grammar. These are lexical doublets (Polish name and foreign language name, e.g., spelling - orthography), multi-word units with one segment replaced by a synonymical equivalent (compound proverb or composed proverb), names referring to the same concept indicating its different features/characteristics (another name for the same object).

Subordinate terms

Hyponyms, subordinate words to the headword, used by the author of the grammar.

See also

Related entries.

Quotations

Citations are recorded in their original formatting. In addition, the key word form is highlighted in green. For transcription rules, see Rules for developing a dictionary.

Contemporary definition

The contemporary definition of the term is given after contemporary linguistic studies: Encyklopedia językoznawstwa ogólnego (Encyclopaedia of General Linguistics), Encyklopedia języka polskiego (Encyclopaedia of the Polish Language), Słownik terminów językoznawczych (Dictionary of Linguistic Terms), sometimes also Mały słownik terminów gramatycznych (Little Dictionary of Grammatical Terms).

Quotations defining a term

Uwzględniamy zarówno definicje równościowe (przekładalne) klasyczne, gdy zakres definiendum jest zamienny z zakresem definiensa, i równościowe nieklasyczne, polegające na wyliczeniu zakresu nazw, których suma tworzy definiendum, jak i definicje nierównościowe indukcyjne (polegające na wymienieniu przedmiotów wchodzących w zakres definiowanego pojęcia, definicje cząstkowe), nierównościowe aksjomatyczne/ w uwikłaniu (polegające na formułowaniu zdań – postulatów, zawierających te terminy jako terminy pierwotne). Mogą to być też definicje dychotomiczne, podające znaczenie słowa w relacji do zdefiniowanego już terminu. O kształcie definicji decydował i stan ówczesnej wiedzy, i wzgląd na adresata gramatyki.

Other quotations

Quotations illustrating the variation of a given word, its different forms occurring in a grammar..

All citations are accompanied by precise bibliographic addresses that link to the work and all entries noted in it. In addition, the user can jump to the biography(s) of the author(s). Translations of foreign-language citations have been placed below the original versions.

Other information

In the top right corner of each entry, we have included abbreviations of the works in which the term appears. The user can select any work or several of them (e.g. from a particular century or a particular author) and see the quotations from these works.

Interesting facts and notes on selected terms are placed at the bottom of the entry.